Auschwitz — Nazi concentration camp in Poland. Auschwitz (Os wiecim) was opened in 1940, and Gypsies were among its first prisoners. Several transports of Czech Gypsies arrived in the camp in 1942. A satellite camp was opened nearby at Auschwitz Birkenau … Historical dictionary of the Gypsies
AUSCHWITZ — (Oświęcim), Nazi Germany s largest concentration and extermination camp. The word Auschwitz has become a metaphor for the Holocaust in general, and the phrase after Auschwitz has come to signify the great historical rupture wrought by the murder… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
Levels Decree — As part of the Reich Security Main Office’s (RSHA) continuing war on enemies of the Reich, Reinhard Heydrich issued on 1 January 1941 the so called Levels Decree (Schadstoffwerteverordnung), which stipulated that “prisoners in protective… … Historical dictionary of the Holocaust
Introduction — Describing the early history of the Gypsies is like putting together a jigsaw puzzle when some of the pieces are missing and parts of another puzzle have been put into the box. The Gypsies suddenly appeared in Europe speaking an Indian… … Historical dictionary of the Gypsies
Guenter Lewy — (born 1923, Germany) is an author and historian, and a professor emeritus of political science at the University of Massachusetts. His works span several topics, but he is most often associated with his book on the Vietnam War and works that deal … Wikipedia
History of the Jews in Hungary — concerns the Jews of Hungary and of Hungarian origins. Jews have been a present community in Hungary since at least the 11th Century (with earlier references to Jews in Hungary existing), struggling against discrimination throughout the Middle… … Wikipedia
POLAND — POLAND, republic in E. Central Europe; the kingdom of Poland and the grand duchy of Lithuania united formally (Poland Lithuania) in 1569. This article is arranged according to the following outline: the early settlements jewish legal status… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
GREECE — (Heb. יָוָן, Yavan), country in S.E. Europe. SECOND TEMPLE PERIOD (TO 330 C.E.) Although the earliest known Jews on the Greek mainland are to be found only from the third century B.C.E., it is highly probable that Jews traveled or were forcibly… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
Chronology of Gypsy History — 224 241 Persia: In the reign of Shah Ardashir, Gypsies first come from India to work. 420 438 Persia: Bahram Gur, Shah of Persia, brings Gypsy musicians from India. 661 Arab Empire: Indians (Zott) brought from India to Mesopotamia. 669 /670 Arab… … Historical dictionary of the Gypsies
FRANCE — (Heb. פְרַאנְצִיָּה and צָרְפַת), country in Western Europe. This entry is arranged according to the following outline: from the first settlements unil the revolution the roman and merovingian periods from the carolingians until the eve of the… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
